Long-Term Pharmacotherapy of Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Literature Review and Clinical Study.

نویسندگان

  • Mats Fredriksen
  • Dawn E Peleikis
چکیده

This MiniReview reports and discusses the main findings of the author's thesis including a literature study of long-term pharmacological treatment of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and a clinical study of 1-year medication. Electronic databases were systematically reviewed for original studies on pharmacotherapy of the defined duration, 24 weeks or more. Although few trials were found with limitations such as excluding comorbidities, treatment with stimulants and atomoxetine was reported tolerated and effective compared to non-treatment. The clinical study of the thesis was conducted on 250 medication-naïve patients with ADHD referred to a specialized outpatient clinic. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were diagnosed among 75% of the patients. About 56% had not completed secondary school, and 51% had been unable to work the preceding year. Persisting inattentive symptoms and comorbid mental disorders in adulthood were related to long-term work disability. In the prospective observational study of the thesis, patients were treated with methylphenidate as first-line drug and atomoxetine or dexamphetamine as second-line drugs, according to current treatment guidelines. At 12-month follow-up, 232 patients completed evaluation and 70% persisted on medication. About 80% of these used methylphenidate. Sustained improvement of symptoms and functioning was related to continued medication. Comorbid mental disorders and side effects were related to lower effectiveness and adherence, and 12% stopped medication due to side effects. Summing up the MiniReview, treatment with stimulants and atomoxetine of adults with ADHD has long-term beneficial effects and is tolerated but more longitudinal studies should be performed. With stated limitations, the findings of the thesis should contribute to a relevant guidance for clinical practice.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

A review of the relationship between attachment style and reflective functioning with symptoms of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Symptoms of impulsivity, attention deficit, academic and social problems indicate signs of a disorder called attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. With the growing interest in the last two decades to investigate the environmental factors in the etiology of this disorder, the importance of the family field and the parent and child attachment style has been considered; in the meantime, the co...

متن کامل

Evaluation of executive functions and emotional impulsivity in Adults with ADHD and normal Adults

The present study aimed to compare the executive functions and emotional impulsivity between adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit and normal adults. This research was ex post facto design. The study population was patients referred to the center of counseling and psychotherapy in Tabriz. The sample consisted of 60 subjects (30 adults with hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit...

متن کامل

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation Training on Working Memory of Hyperactive Adults - with Attention Deficit

Introduction: Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in adults often occurs with problems related to executive functions such as working memory. The present study was conducted in 2016 to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training on the working memory of adults with ADHD. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a contr...

متن کامل

The Effectiveness of Computer Cognitive Games in Reducing Attention Deficit- Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Improving Time Perception in Children

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computerized cognitive games on reduction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and time perception in children with ADHD. The present research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Thirty students with ADHD were selected through purposeful sampling from elementary school stude...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology

دوره 118 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2016